Lassa fever is a member of the Arenaviridae virus family. Similar to ebola, clinical cases of the disease had been known for over a decade, but had not been connected with a viral pathogen.
Lassa frequently infects people in West Africa. It results in 300,000 to 500,000 cases annually and causes about 5,000 deaths each year. Outbreaks of the disease have been observed in Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, and the Central African Republic. The primary animal host of the Lassa virus is the Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis), an animal found in most of sub-Saharan Africa. The virus is probably transmitted by contact with the feces or urine of animals accessing grain stores in residences. Given its high rate of incidence, Lassa fever is a major problem in affected countries
In
a study of Lassa fever in West Africa, Doctors identified two
variables associated with a high risk of death.The virus is estimated to be responsible for about 5,000 deaths
annually. The fever accounts for up to one-third of deaths in hospitals
within the affected regions.
Nonspecific symptoms include fever, facial swelling, and muscle fatigue, as well as conjunctivitis and mucosal bleeding. The other symptoms arising from the affected organs are:
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Nausea
- Vomiting (bloody)
- Diarrhea (bloody)
- Stomach ache
- Constipation
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
- Hepatitis
- Cardiovascular system
- Pericarditis
- Hypertension
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia (abnormally high heart rate)
- Respiratory tract
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Dyspnoea
- Pharyngitis
- Pleuritis
- Nervous system
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Unilateral or bilateral hearing deficit
- Seizures
All persons suspected of Lassa fever infection should be admitted to isolation facilities and their body fluids and excreta properly disposed of.
Early and aggressive treatment using ribavirin was pioneered by Joe McCormick in 1979. After extensive testing, early administration was determined to be critical to success. Additionally, ribavirin is almost twice as effective when given intravenously as when taken by mouth.[14] Ribavirin is a prodrug which appears to interfere with viral replication by inhibiting RNA-dependent nucleic acid synthesis, although the precise mechanism of action is disputed.[15] The drug is relatively inexpensive, but the cost of the drug is still very high for many of those in West African states. Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and fighting hypotension are usually required. Intravenous interferon therapy has also been used.[citation needed]
When Lassa fever infects pregnant women late in their third trimester, induction of delivery is necessary for the mother to have a good chance of survival.[16] This is because the virus has an affinity for the placenta and other highly vascular tissues. The fetus has only a one in ten chance of survival no matter what course of action is taken; hence, the focus is always on saving the life of the mother.[citation needed] Following delivery, women should receive the same treatment as other Lassa fever patients.
Work on a vaccine is continuing, with multiple approaches showing positive results in animal trials. - We Arise Africa advice anyone feeling any or some of these symptoms mentioned above should immediately see a doctor.
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